Apparatus for controlling the rudders of submarines and other vessels.



E. SCHNEIDER. APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE RUDDERS OF SUBMARINES ANDOTHER VESSELS,

APPLICATION FILED DEC-23,1915- Patented Aug. 21, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET] E. SCHNEIDER. APPARATUS FOR'CONTROLLI NG THE RUDDERS 0FSUBMARINES AND OTHER VESSELS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC- 28| 191$.

Patented Aug. 21, r 1917.

5 S HEETSSHEET 2.

E. SCHNEIDER. APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE RUDDERS 0F SUBMARINES ANDOTHER VESSELS.

PatentdAng. 21,1917.

APPLICATION HLED DEC- 28. 1915.

4 .0 W I M W F m J W V E. SCHNEIDER.

APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE RUDDERS 0F SUBMARINES AND OTHER VESSELS.

' APPLICATION FILED DEG-28.1915- 1,237,393. Patented Aug. 21, 1917.

' 5 SHEETS-SHEET 4- e W Patented Aug. 21, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

E. SCHNEIDER.

APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE RUDDERS OF SUBMAR|NES AND OTHER VESSELS.

APPLICATION HLED DEC.28. 1915- Cit : JJ 'fi S IDER, onLn onnnzo'r,FRANCE.

APPARATUS nonoonmnonnmernn nnnnnns OF SUBMABINES Ann OTHER irnssnts.

Appheation filed December ToaZZ whom it may 6 mm Be it known that IEUGENE seesaw-1a a ""7 a. citizen of the Republic or Brancafres ding atLe CreuZot,' France, have invented a new a nd useful. Improvement inApparatus for Controlling the Rudder-s fSubmarines and other Vessels,which is fully set forth inthe following specification. v

The usual installation for operating the rudders ofa vessel suchasttStlbl'flEtIltlG eoniprisesas isvvell known, for each rud'd'ei'ithefollowing three. ele1nents :-a power steering apparatus, a hand steeringapparatus "and ahaxrometery that is to say, a device for in-1 d catingat all times the angle of nclina-,.

tion oftherndde'r. p I

. In the installations hitherto known; those three elements areconnected independently to therudder, that to say, the installationcoinprlses inotion-transmitting mechaillSlIl (hereinafter called aconnection or tra1is1nission)- betvveen the rudder and the powersteering apparatus (of electrical or hydraulictype), an independenttransmis .s'ion for the hand steeringapparatus, and

an independent transmission between the rudderand the repeating pointerthat serves for indicating the angle of inclination of'the rudder. I C

Such installations are complicated and hnllryj htltneover;thefpartsWhich are requiredto heoperated and observed'by the operator (namely,the hand steering ivheel,

the hand lever for operating'the power steering distr butor, and. thepointer and dial of the zmioroeter) are more; or less distant v from oneanother, which circumstance is a source of fatigue for-the operator andoften requires an appreciable tinieor at least the conveying of Ioperator to. another for passing from power steering to Further. whenrudder has been moved by he power steering apparatus into. a determined.position it Will be held rigid in that position even When'it is struckby heavy seas,

so that the transmission must he madampahle of withstandingstrainsthatare some timesvery great. 1 4

; p The present invention 1. does away with all the above. stateddrawbacks. It cons sts essentially inan "association of thetrans1nission'provided between the rudder and: the

axiometer, with both the power steering eon- Speeificationof LettersPatent.

an order to a distance from. one

hand steering and 'vice-versa. f

28 .51 9151 sefia'i N15. 69,162.

trol and hand steering'controlf The assoclation between the axion eter'pointer and Patented M 21; 1917. p

the power steering control ensures a POSI- l t'ive dependence of the twocontrols upon each otherthrongh themediuin' of the distributer otthepower-steering. apparatus. This dependence is such that the arrival ofthe'pointer in j the desired position of tinclination Will automaticallyinterrupt distribution, Whereas it Will allow the distributor to aetiathe case'of a racing of drives si ma-(tor being driven, the parts or thesteering apparatus will return automati- Cally into fft'heir initialposition when the cause of the said racing or driving has ceased:

the

For steering by clutch is provided thelrudder, that is to say, When therudder.

between the transmission for the aXioineter 1 and hand steering wheelprovided at the power" steering station, this clutch. being soconstructed as to cut out the power steering 'apparatuswhen it isdesired to steerby hand.

A practical construction ofapparatusaccording to this inventionisillust'rated by Way of example in th'eaccoinpanylng drawlngs. In thisexample it is assumed that distributer being provided between theaxiometer pointer and the member for controlling the motive liquid. Itis however to be understood that any other form (pneu1natic,' electric,etc.) of energy may be employed,-

the distributer" and the conduits for the energy having alone to besuitably modified injsuch cases.

Figure 1 rates. 1 v r I Figs. 2 150 9 illustrate the details of theaxioin'eter which is associated in'acc'ordance With this invention Withthe controls of the is a diagram illustrating the general; arrangementof the improved appathe povversteering of the rudder is efi'ectejd bymeans of hydraulic. power, a hydraulie power "steering and With handsteering mechanisms. p

2. is apartial front elevation after removal of the hand steering Wheel.

Fig. 3 is a plan thereof.

Fig. 4 is a side elevation.

Fig. 5is. a partial longitudinal section on the axis of the axiolneter.Fig.

. Fig. 4.

6 is a section on the line VI VI of *Figs. 7 8 and 9' illustrate the'aXioniete'r pointer and the handlever for operating the distributer in.three different positions of working. v

' Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic plan view of line xr the distributer; a v,Fig. 11 is a cross-sect1on on the XI of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a cross-section on the line XII-XII of Fig. 10. v

Fig. 13 is a cross-section on the. line XIIl-XIII of Fig. 10. Intheexample shown, the rudder is connected by suitable transmission to ashaft A (Fig. 3), journaled in a frame a. C0nnected to the shaft A is asuitabledevice for indicating the position of the rudder. As shown inthe drawings, the shaft A has mounted on it a worm B engaging with atoothed sector C (Figs. 3, 4 and 5) keyed on the axle D (Fig. 5) whichcarries the pointer E of the axiometer. The axle D may be mounted in abracket (Z forming part'ofthe framing a. This bracket'may also supportthe dial 6 of the axiometer.

' The association between the transmission AB CD which operates theaxiometer pointer E and the hand steering apparatus, is established forexample as shown in Figs. 3 and 5, by means of a simple speed reducinggear comprising, a bevel pinion a keyed on the shaft A and a pinion fkeyed on a shaft F which is parallel to the axle D and is j'ournale d inthe framing a in the same vertical plane as the axle D. .On the shaft Fis keyed] one half G of a clutch, the other f which is fixedto the hub2' of the hand steering wheel I.

According as the clutch halves G and H are engaged with,,or'disengagedfrom each other, which is effected by sliding the hand wheel in thedesired direction along the shaft F, the hand' steering wheel I ,will becoupled to or uncoupled from the transmission that actuates theaxiometer. This single transmission thus replaces the two separatetransmissions employed in the installations hitherto known. A powermeans is also provided for moving the rudder, and,

for the sake of illustration, a hydraulic powermeans is shown,.thatbeing the form which is deemed preferable. A governor for the powermeans is provided which, in

the present case, is a distributer for control-- ling the flow of fluid.a

In the example shown, the control of the distributer R for turning therudder in one or the other direction, is produced by the.

stated, is established by the fact that those two parts are connected tothe respective mounted loosely on an extension of the axle D of theaxiometer pointer, with the hub of which it may be connected by theengagement of claws n in corresponding notches as hereinafter described.An arm E projecting from the hub of the pointer E is connected by a'connecting rod 0 to one of the arms of the rocking beam L. An arm Nprojecting from the hub of the hand lever N is connected by a connectingrod P to the other arm of the said rocking lever. The arms l l and E areof equal lengths, and the same is the case with the connecting rods 0and P, so that the latter constitute with the rocking beam L three sidesof a jointed parallelogram.

The distributing lever J is pivoted at j to a bracket Q carried by thebox R of the distributer. According as the lever J is caused to rock inonedirection or the other on the axle j it will act upon the needlevalves 7' or r toadmit the'liquid under pressure to one or the otherface of a press piston S (Fig. 1) connected by suitable transmission tothe rudder. The face of the piston that does not receive the action ofthe pressure fluid communicates then with a suction box T in which thereis no pressure and from which a pump U draws the liquid.

In the diagrammatic view of Fig. 1, 1 is a duct forconveying to thedistributer box R the liquid under pressure coming from the pump Ueither directly or through the intermediary of an accumulator V 2 is aduct for" returning the liquid without pressure, connecting thedistributer with the suction box T; 3 and 4- are the respective pipesthat enable the faces of the press piston S to communicate through thedistributer R alternately with the pipe 1 or the pipe 2.

A preferred construction of the distributer R is shown, somewhatdiagrammatically, in Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 13. Vv ithin the box or frameof the distributer are two chambers, one, R communicating through duct 1with the accumulator V and the pump U; the other, R communicatingthrough duct 2 with the suction box T. l/Vithin each of these chambersare two ports, one port in each chamber being controlled by one of theneedle valves 7" and the other by one of the needle valves 1. The portscontrolled by the needle valves 7" in said chambers R and B respectivelylead to conduitsl3 and 1 1 which respectively communicate with pipes 3and 4;. The ports control-led'by the needle valves 7? in saidchambers Rand R respectively lead to conduits 15 and 16, which respectivelycommunicate with conduits 14: and 13. Pipes 3 and 4 are also providedwith vertical branch conduits controlled respectively by 1 menses npringloadedvalves r thechambersfof which are connected. by by-pass 17:. Thislatterconduit l7 also. communicates with chamber. B through by-pass18y iA device is provided whereby the rudde may be released from the-controlof the power; means. The construction shown'comprises a switch. bar Wwhich is pivoted toa fixedpart, for instance to the box 1%, (Figs;

2, 3; and 4), and; which by means of aconnecting rodX and: axcrank Ydrives an axle e journaled in the framingia/ This axle z caries acforlrZ, which. engages in a groove in the hub dot the handwheel soas to becapable of causing axial movement ofthe latter; the branches of the forkbearwith their outer"ends against the hub it of the hand leverN.

' .The'barWV can be locked in itstwo extremepositions -Wand .W* (Figs. 2and 3) by means of an automatic spring locking device 10 In' itsmovements the'bar W operates camsv w- 6 and 13) which are keyed on'theaXle oi the bar. These cam's act upon; the twospringloaded valves r toraise andilowier the same as appears clearly :lromgthedrawings.According as the bar.

vi hen it is desired to steer the. rudder by. hand, the switch bar Wfismoved into the position it occupies in Figs. 2 and 4, The :lforl'r 2bearing against the hub 91. and 'thus compressing the spring 02. hasengaged the hand lever N with the axiometerpointer E; At the same timethe handsteering wheel I has become connected to the shaftF by 11193113of the engagement established be tween the clutch halves H and Thevalves 7 are open and] allow the: liquidto flow from one face of thepress pistonrS throughby-pass 17 to the other faceoif the presspiston Swhich follows the movements of the; rudder without resistance being ofiered: by; the liquid. lln other words, the

piston S is' moved' by the hand steered rud 1 der, the liquidcirculating inthe closed th cuit formed by the cylinder of the piston S,the pipes 3, i, and the bypass 17., Since the hand lever N andtheaXiometer pointerF are thus fixed relatively to eachother, theyareboth moved by the transmission 13 -0 in one or the other directionaccording'to the direction in which the hand steering wheeli operated.In these movements the dis-p tributing lever J and the connectingrod] Kremain stationary in the position shown in Fig. 2,-"the distributerbeing idle while the 'rockingbeam I) rocks on its pivot on theconnectingrod K. r

In order to avoid having to keep the hand steering wheel J by hand inthe position in which it has been. turned, a locking device may beprovided such as the one shown in Fig. 5. On the framing a is a springbolt 1 which can be moved at'will out of or into the path of the hub 2',in which latter posi- .tion (shown in Fig. 5) it engages in notchesformed in the hub 91. During the turning of the hand steering Wheel, thesaid bolt is keptin its inoperative position by pushing it down andturning a projection or spur 1 with which it is provided underneath thelower edge of the recess in which it is situated. a x

- In order to pass from hand steering to power steering, it is merelynecessary to move the switch bar W from the position W intotheposition-Vi] (Figs. 2 and 6.), Whereupon the exhaust valves 7 willclose, the'hand steering wheel Iwill become disconnected, and the spring41. will assure the disengage ment ofthe hub n of the hand lever N fromthe, axle D upon which the hand lever N is thus rendered loose. @If onstarting from the zero position in Figs. 2 and 5, during power steeringthe hand leverqN be moved for instance opposite division 15 on the rightof the (halt, the arm N in turning will move with it the connectingrod P(Fig. 9) ,and through the latter the rocking beamL which will rock onits pivot on'the connecting rod 0, which latter has remained stationary.The rocking beam L thus raises the-connecting rod K and the lever 'J ofthe distributor, and the lever J pivots 011 j from idle position so asto lift the, needlevalvesr' (see Figs. 9 and 11).

The liquidunder pressure from pump U passes through duct 1 to chamber Rwhence it is admitted to conduit 13, and, through pipe 3, acts upon oneface of press piston S.

At the same time the liquid is withdrawn from'theother face of thepiston S through pipe 4;, conduit let, chamber R and duct to suction boxT. The piston is thus moved to shift the rudder mthe desired direction.

This shifting of the rudder is followed by r the pointer E which incoming opposite the hand lever N, acts by means of the arm l] and theconnecting rod 0 upon the rocking beam L, and through the latter-"uponthe connecting rod K and the lever J of the distributer. The latter isthus returned into its initial or idle position to close the needlevalves 7", as soon as the hand-lever N and the pointer E come oppositeeach other. The rudder remains held atan angle of 15 by the pressure ofthe liquid which'acts upon both sides of the press piston S (see'Fig.8).

i 1 If hand leverN be moved to the left of its zero position, its'arm Nin 'turning'will move connecting rod" P and thereby rocking ise beam Lupon its pivotal connection to connecting rod 0. Connecting rod K'isthereby depressed, lever J pivoted on its fulcrum 9' and needle valves14 opened (see Fig. 12). The liquid under pressure from pump U passesthrough duct 1 to chamber R whence it is admitted to conduit 15, and,through conduit 14 and pipe 4:, acts upon one face of the press pistonS. At the same time the liquid is withdrawn from the other face of thepiston S through pipe 3,.conduits 13 and 16, chamber R and duct 2 tosuction box T. Thus the piston is moved to shift the rudder in theopposite direction. 1

An automatic engagement between a spring catch N carried by the handlever Nand a series of notches e formed on a sector fixed to the dial e,corresponding in number to the degrees of graduation, allows of lettinggo the hand lever N as soon as the latter has arrived in the desiredposition. During the maneuvering of the rudder this catch is kept backby pressing upon the nob N which compresses the spring of the catch.

Should a heavy sea strike the rudder the latter will be turned and willturn the pointer E with it. Assuming for instance that the hand lever Nwas at zero, the pointer E in movingrelatively to the said hand lever(Fig. 7 will move with it through the connecting rod 0 the rocking beamL which pivots on its point of connection to the connecting rod P that.has been held stationary. The connecting rod K moves down and causes thelever J to turn on its pivot on the bracket Q, and thus open thecorresponding needle valvesr? of the distributer. One of the two valves1- namely the valve for the pipe 3 for example'or for the pipe 4:,according to the direction of movement of the pis ton S, will open andallow the pressed liquid to return to the accumulator. Thus in theexample stated, the shift of the rudder, rep-, resented by movement ofpointer, E to the right in Fig. 7 moves piston S to compress the liquidin pipe 4:. WVhen this pressure is suflicient to overcome the springwhich presses the corresponding valve 1' upon its seat, the latter willopen, and the liquid will flow from-pipe 4 through by-passes l7 and '18to chamber R, and thence back to the accumulator V. Should the rudder bedriven in the opposite direction, the valve 1 in the branch from pipe 3will open to permit the flow of liquid through by-passes 17 and 18 tochamber R The valves 1 thus constitute a safety relief means whichpermits the rudder to be moved by an external force without breaking thenormal mechanical connection to the power means.

WVhen the cause of the turning of the rudder has disappeared, the valve1' which was open, will close again by the actionsof its spring (theforce of which is adjustable). In the first example stated (see Fig. 7),ow

ing to the fact that the needle valves 7' of the distributer are open,the liquid under pressure will act upon the press piston S through theconduits 15 and 14 and pipe 4:, and will turn the rudder automaticallyin the opposite direction until the pointer has returned intocoincidence with the hand leverN which has not moved. t

From the preceding itwill be clearly perceived that the describedapparatus has the following chief advantages over the installationshitherto in use:

1. The dependence between the power steeringv control and the axiometerpointer, which is one of the essential characteristic features of thisinvention, renders the power steering apparatus completely reversibleand allows the rudder to become a motor when struck for instance by aheavy sea, thereby doing away with the strains due to the resistance ofthe mechanical transmission; the shifted rudder being then returnedautomatically into the position from which it has been shifted by thesaid heavy sea or other cause. I 2. The engagement of the hand steeringapparatus with the transmission connecting the rudder to the axiometerdoes away with one transmission.

'3. The control of this engagement .by a switch bar that effects at thesame time a connection between the power steering hand lever and theaxiometer pointer, allows, by its action upon a single member, a rapidchange from power steering to hand steer-- ing and vice versa. This isextremely important for instance in the case of damage tothe piping orother parts of the power steering apparatus, and in the case of stoppageof-the pump or of the running down of the accumulator when steeringv byhydraulic power.

4. The association between the power steering apparatus, the axiometerand the hand steering apparatus has the result of enabling the partsthat are to be operated and observed to be grouped at onestation, andall within easy reach of the hand and under the direct observation ofthe operator.

Moreover, it is to be noted that in the particular constructionhereinbefore described, the rapidity of maneuvering the rudder isproportional to the extent of opening of the valves of the distributer,and, con sequent'ly, to the amplitude of the rocking of the rocking beamL. The amplitude of the rocking of the rocking beam increases inproportion with the advance or lead of the power steering hand lever Nin relation to the axiometer pointer E. Consequently, according to therapidity with which it'is desired to effect the maneuver it is possibleeither: p

' (1) To bring the power steering hand lever gradually to the requiredangle, while fit) maintaining axsuitable but reduced advance or lead ofthe hand lever in relation to. the" pointer; or

,(2) To move' the power steering, hand le -1 i (8) To cause the needle"valvefiitolrise through a distance that is greater than thatcorresponding to the intended final :position of the power steering handlever by moving such lever quickly to a p0siti0n'-beyond such intendedfinal position, whereby the rapidity is increased at-the s'tart, andthen to return the power "steeringhandlever to the desired positiontoward the end ofthe maneuver.

Generallyit ante} seen that the heretibefore described apparatusprovides a very cXtendedsc-ale of speeds of Imaneuvering, and that asultable regulation ofthe advanceorlead of the hand lever inrelatlon tothe pointer: will allow of reducing those speeds especially during theperiod of 1nclinatioln when the rudder acts as a motor,

in a series of a a that is to say, whenit has a tendencyto be Shifted ythe i n of the water due tothe travel of the vessel. 1 Q i a i,

The general installation may, as indi pointer E are likewise connectedby flexible connections 7 and 8 to a control member ,9

anda repeating pointerlO respectively.

It is obviousthat the general lIlSlJZLllELiLlOH for distributing theenergy formaneuvering the rudder ,may easily comprise branch pipesterminating respectively at a pressure collector ll placed on the pipe;1, and. at a suction collector k12placed on, the'pipe 53; these branchpipes being eachconnected to a distributor for the admission and exhaust oi the pressure liquid intended for use corresponding, number ofstations,

WhatI-claim is:v i

1. In, a ruddercontrolling ,mechanism, the combination of powerrudderunoving 1neans,,a device indicating the position of the rudder, acontrol lever, and a' governor e for the power means connected with the?lever and with the indicatingidevice whereby the movement of eitherindependently of the other eifects' the application of power 2. In arudder contnolling mechanism, the "combination of power rudder-moving;ean a de ice ind cat ng the p si i n i? the power means connected withthe lever and, thereby movable out of its idle position, and aconnection between the indicatmg device and the'governor wherebymovementvof the rudder bythe power means idle tends/to restore thegovernor to its position.

,8. In a rudder-controlling mechanism, the. comblnatlon of powerrudder-moving means, a pivotedfipointer indlcatingthe position of therudder,=acontrol lever pivoted coaxially with thepointer, and a governorfor thejpoweri neans connected withthe lever andwith the pointer wherebythe movementgoi'plther independently of the other eflects theapplication of power to therudder.

the rudderya control lever, a governorfor 4: In I a rudder controllingmechanism, c

the combination of power rudder-moving means, a pointer indicating theposition of the rudder, a control lever, a governor for the power meansconnected wlth the lever and with the pointer whereby the move ment ofeither independently of the other effects theapplicatlon of power .tothe rud.

pointer against relative movement thus maintaining the governor in itsidle position-w I ,5. In a rudder-i controlling mechanism, thecombination of power rudder-moving means, a: pointer indicating theposition. of the ruddena control lever having its path of movementparallel tothat of thepointer,

and a governor for the power means connected with the lever and wlth thepointer whereby, it is, maintained in its idle po-,

sition .whenthe said pointer and lever are oppositeeach other and ismoved out of its idle pos tion when either of them ismoved independentlyof the other.

der, and a device for locking the lever'and 6.111 a rudder-controllingmechanism,

thercombina-tion of apointer indicating the position ofthe rudder,hydraulic ruddermovm-g means comprlslng a cyllnder, apleton movable inthe cylinder and two pipes,

respectively adapted to. supply fluid under pressure to the cylinder atthe two sides of thepistony-a control lever, a pressure device, and agovernor for the said rudder pressure device to 'theipip es leading tothe cylinder, the said governor beingconnected WltliitllBlGEi and withthe indicating device whereby both valves are maintained closed when thesaid pointer and ,leverare valves is opened when relative movementbetween thepointerand the I lever takes place in one directionand theother of the valves is opened when relative movement takes place in theother direction.

' .7 In a reade -c mmune" mechanism;

,7 moving means comprising two valves adaptr J ed-respectlvely to admitpressure from the opposite each other :and whereby one of the i thecombination of a pointer indicating the position of the rudder,hydraulic rudderinoving means comprising a cylinder, a pis ton movablein the cylinder and two pipes respectively connected with the cylinderat the two sidesof the piston, a control lever,

the said pipes, the said governor being con- 1 nected with the lever andwith the pointer whereby all of the valves are maintained closed whenthe said pointer and lever are opposite each other and whereby thepressure duct is connected with one pipe and the return duct with theother pipe when relative movement between the pointer and the levertakes place in one direction and the connections are reversed whenrelative movement takes place in the other direction. 8. In arudder-controlling mechanism, the combination of powerv rudder-movingmeans, safety relief means permitting the rudder to be moved by anexternal force out of the. position in which the power means tends tohold it, and automatic means for causing the power means to restore therudder to normal position after any such movement;

'9. In a rudder-controlling mechanism,

the combination of power means for moving the rudder, a governor for thepower means, safety relief means supplemental to the said governorpermitting the rudder to be moved by an external force out of theposition in which the power means tends to hold it, and

automatic means acting upon the governor with the said pipes, either ofthe valves being adapted to open to permit the rudder to be moved by anexternal force out of the osition in which the piston tends to hold it,a pressure device, a governor for the hydraulic means comprising twovalves adapted respectively to admit pressure from the pressure deviceto the pipes, and means whereby the said governor acts automaticalyafter any movement of the rudder by an external force to open one of thelast said valves to admit pressure to the cylinder and restore therudder to normal position.

11. In a rudder-controlling mechanism,

the combination of hydraulic rudder-moving means comprising a cylinder,a piston movable in the cylinder and two pipes respectively connectedwith the cylinder at the two sides of the piston, a by-pass, normallyclosed spring-pressed valves connecting the said by-pass respectivelywith the said pipes, either of the valves being ada'pted to open topermit the flow of fluid through the by-pass and thereby permit therudder to be moved by an external force out of the position in which thepiston tends to hold it, a pressure device, a governor for the hydraulicmeans comprising two valves adapted to admit pressure from the pressuredevice to the said pipes respectively, and means whereby the saidgovernor acts automatically. after any movement of the rudder by anexternal force to open one of the last said valves to admit pressure tothe cylinder and restore the rudder to normal position.

12. In a rudder-controlling mechanism, the combination of hydraulicrudder-moving means comprising a cylinder, a piston 1novable in thecylinder and two pipes respectively connected with the cylinder at thetwo sides of the piston, a bypass, normally closed spring-pressed valvesrespectively connecting the by-passwith the said pipes, either of thevalves being adapted to open to permit the How of fluid through the by-I pass and thereby permit the rudder to be moved by an external forceout of the-position in which the piston tends to hold it, a pressuredevice, a governor for the hydraulicmeans comprising pressure and returnducts connected with the pressure device and valves adapted to connectthe pressure ductto either of the said pipes and to connect the returnduct with the other of the said pipes, and means whereby the saidgovernor acts automatically after any movement of the rudder by anexternal force to connect one of the pipes to the pressure duct and theother to the return duct and thus restore the rudder to normal position.

13. In a rudder-controlling mechanism, the combination of a devicehaving a me chanical connection with the rudder and serving to indicatethe position thereof, hand-operated rudder-moving means connectible withthe said mechanical connection, power rudder-movin means connected withthe rudder indepen ently ofthe said mechanical connection, and means forreleasing the rudderfrom the control of the power means when the rudderis to be moved by the hand means.

l4. In a rudder-controlling mechanism, the combination of a devicehaving a mechanical connection with the rudder and serving to indicatethe position thereof, hand-operated rudder-moving means connectible withthe said mechanical connection,

power rudder-moving means, a device? for releasingzthe rudder from'thecontrol of the power meanswhenthe rudder 1s tobe moved by thehand means,and a device for discon-j necting the handmeans when therudder is to befmovedbythe power means. L

derfrom the control of the power means and connecting the hand-means-w1th the ,Sttld connection or for simultaneously bringing therudder under the, control of the. power means and disconnecting the handmeans from the said connection. a f

162 In a rudder-controllingI: mechanism, the combination ofhand-operated rudderiuoving means, hydraulic rudder-moving I meanscomprising: a cylinder, EL'PlSliOIl mov ahleiin the cylinder and twopipes respectively connected with the cylinder at. the two sides of thepiston, a bypass, normally closed valves respectively connecting thebypass with the said pipes, a pressuredevice, agovernor'for; thehydraulic -means comprising valves adapted to connect the pressuredevice to either of the said pipes, and means for opening the first saidvalves whenthe rudder is to be moved by the hand means j y. Y

171.111 arudder-controlling mechanism, the combination ofadevice havinga me-\ chanical connecti on with the rudder and serving to indicate theposition of the-former,

l1and operated 17LlddB1-IHOVlIlg.m63|11S con-' .nectible wish the saidmechanical connec4 tion, power rudder-movingmeans comprising a cylinder,a piston movablein the cylin- I der and two pipesrespectively connectedwith. the cylinder at the two sides of the piston, a bypass, normallyclosed valves rerespectively connectingthe bypass with the said pipes,apressure device, a governor for.

the hydraulic means comprising two valves adapted to connect thepressure device to tinder and two pipes respectively'convalves andconnecting the hand means with therudder or for simultaneously closingthe "first said valves and disconnecting the hand .means'from therudder. 7 15. In a,rudder-controllingemechanism, the combination of 1adevice having a me chanicaly oonnection with the rudder and serving toindicate the position thereof, hand-operated rudder-moving means co' nneotible with the saidmechanicalconnection, power rnddenmovingmeans, andamecha nism for simultaneously releasing the rod;

l 9L In a rudder-controlling mechanism,

the i combination of hand-operated ruddermoving means, hydraulic Vrudder-moving means comprisinga cylinder, a piston mov; able inthecylinder and two plpes respectimely connected with the cylinder at thetwo sidesfof the piston, a by-pass, normally closedsprlng-pressed valvesconnecting the tby pas's respectively with the said pipes,

which-the piston tends to hold it, a pressure device, a governor for thehydraullc means comprising pressureand return ducts connected with thepressure devlce and valves adapted to connect the pressure duct to.either of the said pipes and to connect the rc-' turn duct with theother of the said pipes, I

and'means whereby the'said governor acts automatically after themovementof the rudderby'an external force to connect one ofthe pipes tothe pressure and the other to the return.- duct and thus restore therudder to normal position, and means for opening the first saidivalveswhen the rudder is to be moved by the .hand means. v

20. In a rudder-controlling mechanism,

thecombination of a device having a mechanical. connection with therudder and handoperated rudder-moving means con nectible withthe saidmechanical connection,

power rudder-moving means, a governor for T the power means, and adevice for locking the governor in its idle position when the rudder isto be moved by the hand means.

21. In a rudder-controlling mechanism, the combination of adevice'having a me chanical connection with the rudder and servingtoindicate 7 the position thereof, hand operated rudder-moving meansconnectiblc withthe said mechanical connection,

power rudder-moving means, a governor for the powermeaus, a devlceforvreleasing the rudder fromthe control of the power means whentherudder is to be moved bythe hand means,and it ClQVlCB for locking thegovernor in its idle position when the rudder is to be'moved by the handmeans.

22. In ruddercontrolling mechanism. the combination of hand-operatedrudder moving means, hydraulicrudder-moving means, a governorfor thehydraulic means. a by-pass, a device for opening the by-passtoreleasethe rudder from the control of the llyd aulic'means when theder is to be moved by the hand means, a device for locking the governorin its idle position when the rudder is to be moved by the hand means,and means for operating the two said devices simultaneously.

23. In a rudder-controlling mechanism, the combination of hand-operatedruddermoving means, hydraulic rudder-moving means, a governor for thehydraulic means,

a device for disconnecting the hand means from the rudder when therudder is to be moved by the hydraulic means, a device for releasing therudder from the control of the hydraulic means when the rudder is to bemoved by the hand means, and a device for locking the governor in itsidle position when the rudder is to be moved by the hand IIIQZHIS.

24. In a rudder-controlling mechanism, the

combination of a device having a mechanical connection with the rudderand serving to position when the rudder is to be moved by the handmeans. i

25. I11 a rudder-controlling mechanlsm, the combination of ahand-operated rudder- 111OVID 111821115 OW'QI rudder-movin Il'lQZlIlS.

a governor for the power means, a device for disconnecting thehand meansfrom the rudder when the rudder is to be moved by the power means, adevice for releasing the rudder from the control of the power means whenthe rudder is to be moved by the hand means, a device for locking thegovernor in its idle position when the rudder is to be moved by the handmeans, and a common operating means for the three said devices.

26. In a rudder-controlling mechanism, the combination 'of hand-operatedruddermoving means having a mechanical connection with the rudder, powerrudder-moving means, a control lever, a governor for the power meansconnected with the lever and rudder, and a device for releasing therudder from the control of the power means when the rudder is to bemoved by the hand means.

27. In a. rudder-controlling mechanism, the combinatlon of a devicehavlng a mechanical connection with the rudder and serving to indicatethe position thereof, a hand-operated rudder-moving means connectiblewith the said mechanical connection, power rudder-moving means, acontrol lever, a governor for the power means connected with the leverand with the inclicating' device whereby movement of eitherindependently of the other efl'ects the application of power to therudder, and a device for releasing the rudder from the control of thepower means when the rudder is to be moved by the hand means.

v 28. In a rudder-controlling mechanism, the combination ofhand-operated ruddermoving means having a mechanical connection with therudder, power rudder-moving means, a control lever, a governor for thepower means connected with the lever and with the connection from thehand means to the rudder whereby movement of either the lever or theconnection independently of the other effects the application of powerto the rudder, a device for releasing the rudder fromthe control of thepower means when the rudder is to be moved by the hand means, and adevice for disconnecting the hand means from the said connection whenthe rudder is to be moved by the power means.

29. In a rudder-controlling mechanism, the combination of hand-operatedruddermoving means having a mechanical connection with the rudder, powerrudder-moving means, a. control lever, a governor for the power meansconnected with the lever and with the connection from the hand means tothe rudder whereby movement of either the lever or the connectionindependently of the other effects the application of power to therudder, a device for releasing the rudder from the control of the powermeans when the rudder is to be moved by the hand means, a device fordisconnecting the hand means from the said connection when the rudder isto be moved by the power means, and means for operating the two saiddevices simultaneously.

-30. In a rudder-controlling mechanism, the combination of hand-operatedruddermoving means having mechanical connection with therudder, powerrudder-moving means, a controllever, a governor for the power meansconnected with the lever and with the connection from the hand means tothe rudderwhereby movement of either the lever or the connectionindependently of the other effects the application of power to theruddenand a device for locking the governor in its idle position whenthe rudder is to be moved by the hand means.

81. Ina rudder-controlling mechanism, the combination of a device havinga mechanical connection with the rudder and serving to indicate theposition thereof,

, nectible' with the said mechanical conneca independently of the othereifects theapplication of power to the rudder, a; device for, releasingthe rudder from the control of the power means when the rudder is to bemoved hand-operatedrudder-moving means connectible with thesaidmechamcal connec ing device whereby movement of either independentlyof the other effects the applicationof powerto the rudder, and a devicetor locking the governor 1n ts j. idle p081- tion when therudder is tobe moved by the,

1 and the-pointer against relative movement 32. In a rudder-controllingmechanism, the combinat on of a:p'o 1nter havmg a me chanical connectionwith therudder and serving to indicate the .pos1t onthereof,hand-"operated ruddermov1ng means conneotible withthe said mechanicalconnection; p ower rudder-moving" means, a control lever a governorforthe power means connected with the leverand with the pointer wherebymovement of either independently of the other eflects the application ofpower to the rudderg andba device for locking the lever and the pointeragainst relative movement whenthe rudder is to be moved by the handmeans. v

33. Ina rudder-controlling mechanism,

the combination'of a hand-operated ruddermoving means having: amechanical con'nec:

tion with the" rudder, power rudder-moving means,-a control lever, agovernor-wfor the power means connected with thelever and with theconnection from the hand means to the rudder whereby movement of eitherthe.

lever or the connection independently of the other. effects theapplication of power to" the rudder, a device for releasing the rudderfrom the control of the power means when the rudder is to be i moved bythe hand i means, and a devicefor locking the governor in its idleiposition when therudder be movedby the hand means.

hand-operated rudder-moving means contion, power'rudder-moving means, acontrol catingdevice: whereby movement of either y theha'nd means and adevice forlocking the governor in itsFidle" position when the rudder isto-be moved bythe'hand means.

' 35. In a rudder-controlling mechanism,

the} combination of a pointer having a mechanical connection with" therudder and serving, to indicate the pos tion thereof,

hand-operated rudder-moving "means conis to nectible with the saidmechanical connection,'po wer rudder-moving means, a control lever, agovernor for the power means con-' der from the control of the powermeans when the rudder is to be moved by the hand means, and a device forlocking the lever when the rudder is to be moved by the hand means.

36. In arudder-controlling mechanism, the combination of a device havinga mechanical" connection with the, rudder and serving" to indicate theposition thereof,

hand-operated rudder-moving means con nectlble WliZll the sa1dmechanical. connec-w tion, power rudder-movingmeans, a control 7 i.

lever, a governor for the power means connected with the lever and withthe indlcating device whereby movementof either in.

dependently of the other effects the applicaw tion of power tothefrudder, a device for re: leasing the rudder from] the control of thepower means when therudder is to be moved by the hand means, a devicefor locking the, governor in its idle position when'the rudder isto bemoved by the hand means,

and; means; for operating thelast two: saiddevices simultaneously. i i a37, In a rudder-controlling mechanism, the combination of hand-operatedruddermoving mea-ns having a mechanical connection with the rudder,power rudder-moving 7 means, a control lever, a governor for thepowermeans connected with the lever and with theconnection from the handmeans to the rudder whereby movement of either the lever on theconnection from the hand means independently of the other efiects theapplication of-power to the-rudder, a device for disconnecting the handmeans from the said connection when the rudder is to be moved by thepower means, a device for releasing the rudder from. the control of thepower means when the rudder is to be moved bythe hand means, and adevice forlocking the governor in its idle position when the rudderis tobe moved by the hand means,

38. In a rudder-controlling mechanism,

the combination of hand-operated ruddermoving means having a mechanicalconnection with the rudder, power rudder-moving with the connection fromthe hand means. p

tocthe rudder whereby movementv of, either said connection when therudder is to b means, a control lever, a governor for the 12 v powermeans connected with the lever and ated' rudder moving-means, a by-pass,a devic'e for openingfis'aid' by-pass to release the rudderifrom -th'econtrol of the hydraulic ineans'when the rudderis to be moved by thehand meansyand a device for locking the govern'or"'in itsidle 'positionwhen the moved-by thepower means, a device for releas ng the rudder fromthe control of the" power means when the rudder is to be moved bythehand means, a device for locking the governor in its-idle positionwhen the rudder'is to be moved by the hand means, and meansfor-operating the three said devices simultaneously.

; 3991a a rudder-controlling mechanism, the COmb1Il2ti31O11 "Of powerrudder-moving meansya device indicating the position of the rudder, acontrol lever, a governor for theipower means, and connections betweensaid indicating device and lever 'and said governor whereby movement ofeither said indicating device or said lever independently ofthe othereffects the application of power totherudder and whereby movement ofsaid rudder tends to restore said i indicating de- VlCe fl nd *levento"norinal relation;

40. 111 a rudder-controllingmechanism, the combination "of hydraulicrudder-movin'g means; governor therefor, 'hai'id-operru'dderisto bemoved by the hand means.

41. In a rudder-controlling mechanism, th onibination ofpo-werrudder-moving nieansg a overnor therefor, hand-operatedrudderemoving means, a device foi r el'easing the rudder from the 7control of the power meanswl'i'en the rudder is to be nioved by the handmeans, a device for connecting the handmeans with the rudder-when therudder is to be moved by' 'the hand-means, a

device for locking the governor in its idle position when the rudder'isto be moved by the hand means, and means for operating th threes'aiddevices simultaneously;

42. In a rudder-controlling" mechanism, the combination ofpowerrudder-moving means; safety relief means permitting the rudder to"be moved by an external force out o'f the position in which the powermeans .5 tendsto hold it,a device indicatin'g 'the posi i.

tiorr'of" the rudder, automatid means for caii'si g'rhe power meanstorestore the ruddertonoriiialposition after anyFsuch movemeht,"and"acontrollingl'ever for said automatifc means.

43."In a 'rudder controlling "mechanism, the combination of powerrudder-moving means; governor "for. said po'wenmeans, safety reliefmeans supplemental to said governori permitting therudder to bemoved byexternal force out "of the positionin whichthe power means tends to holdit," a device indicating the position 'ofthe rudder,

' automatic means acting on said governor for Copies of this patent maybe obtained for causing the'power means to lGSilOl'Q' the rudder tonormal position after :any such move ment, and a controlling lever forsaid automatic means.

4A. In a rudder-controlling) mechanism,

the combination of'poweri rudder-moving,

means, a device indicating the position" of the rudder, a control lever,a governor for the power means, safety relief-ineans sup pleniental tosaid governor permitting the rudder .to be moved by an external forceout of the position in which the-powermeans tends to hold it, andconnections between the said governor and the said indicating meansand-lever whereby the movement of said indicating means correspondingwith such movement of the rudderacts upon said governorto cause saidpower means" to re-i store the "rudder'to normal position after suchmovement has ceasedp i 45.- In a rudder controlling mechanism, thecombination of" power,rudder-moving means," a pointer indicating the,position or the rudder, a control lever pivoted coaxially with thepointer, a governor for said power nieans'connected withsaid lever,hand-operated IHGELDS'COIlIlGCtlblG with the rudderand positioned adacent said lever, and means for-connecting said hand means to the rudderand locking said governor in -idle"-posi tion. a

l6. In a 'rudder controlling. mechanism,

the combination of power ruddermoving' means, a pointer'indicatingtheposition or,

the rudder, a control'lever'pivoted coaX-ially withthe pointer, agovernor for said power means connected with said lever; handaopera'tedmeans adjacent said lever, a clutch for connecting said hand meansto the rudder, means wherebysaid lever be locked to said pointer andsaid governor maintained in idlepositio1i, and a single means foroperating said clutch and said locking means.

47. 111 a rudder-controlling mechanism, the combination Of'POWGlrudder-moving means,=-'a pointer indicating the position of the rudder,a control lever pivoted coaxially with the pointer; 'a governor 'forsaid power means connected with said lever, hand-open ated meansconnectible with the rudder and positioned adjacent said-lever,meansiorfive cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,Washington, D. G.

